Cytinus hypocistis is a self compatible monoecious species that relies on insects for seed production. B magnification of the area marked in red in a, with the tissue of c. Carbon nutrition in a rafflesiaceae holoparasite cytinus. Mediterranean complex, and our sampling in sw spain and morocco does not allow assessment of the taxonomy of cytinus in the. The genus cytinus is composed of rootless, stemless and leafless parasites whose flowers are only. These two genera were formerly placed in the family rafflesiaceae, order malpighiales. Cytinus is an endophytic parasitic plant occurring in south africa, madagascar, and in the mediterranean region. Pdf the antpollination system of cytinus hypocistis. Cytinus hypocistis is a selfcompatible monoecious species that relies on insects for seed production. Venkata rao 1952 indicates they are present in muntingia but stevens 2001 onwards. School of biological sciences, university of bristol. Cytinus hypocistis in kew science plants of the world online.
Cytinus hypocistis is an antpollinated species of parasitic plant in the family cytinaceae having four subspecies. Order malvales, the only mediterranean species of a scarcely known genus of holoparasitic plants greuter et al. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and antityrosinase properties. Sixteen hydrolysable tannins and one flavan3ol were the identified phenolic compounds. An example of such is the parasitic plant cytinus hypocistis 79. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. This holoroot parasite is restricted to the old world, it occurs in mediterraneai the species has been known since the timc,tle greek herbals as reported by r. Pdf antimicrobial, antioxidant and antityrosinase properties of. Angiospermensamen 1926 108, cytinus hypocistis fig. When they were separated into a new family, it was initially placed in malpighiales, but it has since been recognised as belonging to order malvales.
This page was last edited on 16 september 2017, at. Cytinus sanguineus in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. The parasite was found to be locally host specific, and only two hosts were consistently infected. Species in this genus do not produce chlorophyll, but rely fully on its host plant. A later study showed that cytinaceae are related to muntingiaceae in malvales. In the latter area, two species occur, cytinus hypocistis and c. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and antityrosinase properties of extracts of the mediterranean parasitic plant cytinus hypocistis antimicrobial. It is more complex than previously reported, showing parenchyma, xylem and phloem tissues. The hostparasite pair cistus monspeliensis cytinus hypocistis is fed, via the aerial organs of the host, with 14 co 2. Genetic races associated with the genera and sections of. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Media in category cytinus hypocistis the following 37 files are in this category, out of 37 total.
Only in the blooming period marchmay are the plants visible, with inflorescences bursting through the host. Endophytic system of mediterranean cytinus cytinaceae. One of the most extreme manifestations of parasitism is found in the genus cytinus, a holoparasite whose vegetative body is reduced to an endophytic system living within its host root. Ultrastructural researches in the plastids of parasitic. Cytinaceae is a family of parasitic flowering plants. Pdf the endophytic system of mediterranean cytinus.
Cytinus hypocistis is an antpollinated species of parasitic plant in the family cytinaceae having. Cytinus hypocistis is a promising source of healthpromoting biomolecules. Article pdf available in acta societatis botanicorum poloniae 331. The board of trustees of the royal botanic gardens, kew. The radioactivity measurements show that the main substances transfered from the host to the parasite are sucrose, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. It has also been found on ptilostemon chamaepeuce several species are found in the mediterranean region, south africa, with a possibly undescribed species from madagascar. We have extracted the inflorescences the only visible part of the plant, emerging from the host roots at the time of blossom of cytinus hypocistis collected in sardinia, italy, and explored the antimicrobial, antioxidant, antityrosinase, and cytotoxic activities of. Media in category cytinus this category contains only the following file. Reinvestigation of embryo sac development, fertilization and early embryogeny in cytinus hypocistis l. Floral volatiles play a key role in specialized ant.
Exploring the phytochemical profile of cytinus hypocistis. Cytinus is small genus of endophytic parasitic plants distributed in south africa, madagascar, and in the mediterranean region. Host specificity in the parasitic plant cytinus hypocistis. Nevertheless, the question of whether floral volatiles mediate mutualisms between ants and antpollinated plants still remains largely unexplored. Cause for the following gives me a small report by g. The ultrastructure of plastids in scales of stems of cytinus hypocistis l. Usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. Different stages in the development of the endophytic system of cytinus hypocistis and c.
Trichomatic floral nectaries have been documented for core malvales, but their presence in muntingiaceae is disputed. The endophytic system of cytinus develops in all host root tissues and reaches its most mature stages in the host xylem. There are two species of cytinus in the mediterranean, c. Cytinus hypocistis, jebel sidi abderrahmane, tunisia. Our study focuses on cytinus hypocistis, which belongs to cytinaceae. Approximately 1% of angiosperms are parasitic 1012, and one of the most extreme manifestations of this type of parasitism is found within the cytinaceae family, composed of the cytinus, bdallophyton, and bdallophytum genera 8. The antpollination system of cytinus hypocistis cytinaceae, a mediterranean root holoparasite article pdf available in annals of botany 1037. We characterized the ethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from. Many organelles can be observed, some of them show more or less flattened and variously sized vesicles in their stroma. Anatomical relations among endophytic holoparasitic. Icones plantarum formosanarum nec non et contributiones. By combining a longterm field study with experimental manipulation, we tested whether c. Other organelles often show paracrystallin bodies, interpreted as phytoferritin, in their. The habit of eating wild plants in europe is often associated with times of famine.
On a new genus of cytinaceae 1 by kiyohiko watanabe received on 7 october, 1936. It comprises two genera, cytinus and bdallophytum, totalling ten species. Visual and olfactory floral signals are essential for the establishment of plantpollinator mutualisms. His central point is probably given by the following quotation. Cytinus usually parasitizes cistus and halimium, two genera of plants in the family cistaceae.
Understanding the evolution of holoparasitic plants. Cytinus hypocistis is a rootless, stemless, and lea. We characterized the ethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from the inflorescences of c. Tannin profile, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial. Whole plant, petals, stalk, and nectar displayed multifunctional bioactive properties. This category includes the endemic and native plants of albania wikimedia commons has media related to flora of albania subcategories. This is the first report of welldeveloped phloem in a holoparasitic endophytic species. Bouman and meijer 1994 highlighted morphological differences in the reproductive traits of cytinus compared with other members of this family and described a new tribe cytineae, but maintained the familial placement. Phytochemical profile and bioactive properties of cytinus hypocistis were studied. It is found primarily in locations that surround the mediterranean sea, and is the type for the genus cytinus. Cytinus was long considered to belong to rafflesiaceae. Pdf host specificity in the parasitic plant cytinus hypocistis was quantified at four sites in the algarve region of portugal from 2002 to 2007.
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