Papers and proceedings of the royal society of tasmania 1949. The habit of psocids includes living or dead foliage, ground litter, bark of trees, and inside human habitations. Res handbooks for the identification of british insects. The term barklice is typically reserved for psocid species that inhabit the bark of. Psocoptera are an order of insects that are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. For the other two hemipteroid orders, thysanoptera and psocoptera, only partial mtdna sequences are available. Phylogenetically, the order psocoptera psocids, barklice, and booklice is closely related to the phthiraptera lice, thysanoptera thrips, and hemiptera bugs, cicadas, aphids, etc. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Some troctomorpha, such as liposcelis which are similar to lice in morphology, are often found in birds nests, and it is possible that a similar behavior in the ancestors of lice is at the origin of the parasitism seen today. It was formerly considered a superorder, but is now generally considered by entomologists as an order. The insects of the order psocoptera copeognatha, corrodentia are commonly called psocids, although outdoor species living on tree trunks and branches have been called barklice, whereas indoor species, sometimes found in old books, have been called booklice. Although most psocoptera are freeliving, a few genera live in the nests of birds.
A study of the tasmanian psocoptera with descriptions of new species. There are 50 families of bark lice with over 200 genera. Therefore, the order psocoptera is probably a paraphyletic taxon. Most male psocopterans perform a mating dance, and after fertilization, the female lays eggs under bark, leaves or a silk mat. Psocoptera psocoptera, the bark lice, include 4,400 described species arranged in 3 suborders, trogiomorpha, troctomorpha, and psocomorpha. So, were going to skip over the scientific data on these pests, like the fact that they are of the order psocoptera and that the staples of their diet are fungi, algae, lichen, and organic detritus, and get right to what matters most. Chapter 26 the best control for barklice or booklice or. At fossil and mineral shows he would typically be found seated at an amber dealers booth, a great pile of amber pieces before him, peering through a loupe at the world inside each piece. The spencer entomological museum was formally established in 1953 from the holdings of dr. Barklice, booklice or psocids psocoptera, figure 20 lachesilla pedicularia psocomorpha. Psocoptera definition is an order of tiny softbodied insects that have long antennae, chewing mouthparts, feed on organic matter, are either wingless or have two pairs of wings held over the back like a roof, and include the book lice and bark lice. Further, sucking and chewing lice originated from a common nonparasitic ancestral group within, the psocoptera book lice and bark lice.
Psocoptera have long been known as book lice and the outdoor species as bark lice, but they are not true lice and the new term bark. Furthermore, the family liposcelididae booklice of the psocoptera is regarded as the sister group of the phthiraptera. Featured movies all video latest this just in prelinger archives democracy now. Within the paraneoptera, psocids are most closely related to lice, with which they compose a monophyletic taxon, psocodea. These insects were until recently placed in the order psocoptera with the lice in a separate order phthiraptera. Outdoors they inhabit bark where they feed on mosses and lichens. Net booklice execute pest control scioly entomology 202014 at beckendorff junior high.
Spencer, a professor in the ubc zoology department. Consequently, they are considered harmless and perhaps beneficial to the trees they infest. Everything you need to know about a booklice infestation. They are often regarded as the most primitive of the hemipteroids. They first appeared in the permian period, 295248 million years. Barklice psocoptera psocids bark lice order psocoptera. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Psocoptera comes from the greek words psocos, which means gnawed, and ptera, which means wings. Barklice, booklice or psocids psocoptera springerlink. Booklice belong to the order psocoptera, which contains nonparasitic species.
If you wish to keep any of the infested items, wrap them in a plastic bag, put them in your freezer for 2 days to kill the lice. Barklice are usually found in moist places, such as leaf litter, beneath stones, on vegetation or under tree bark. Their name originates from the greek word, psokhos meaning gnawed or rubbed and, ptera meaning wings. Psocoptera barklice, booklice, psocids discover life.
They first appeared in the permian period, 295248 million years ago. Bottom left of frame shows one of the lice taking shelter inside the. Psocoptera barklice, booklice, psocids discover life mobile. Troctomorpha are now known to also contain the order phthiraptera lice, and are therefore paraphyletic, as are psocoptera as a whole. Characteristics psocids or booklice as they are commonly known are small usually dull coloured insects with a body length of 110 millimetres. They survive by feeding on residues of feathers or skin cells, but never on the birds themselves. Psocoptera the scientific name for this order of insects are a large.
However, the psocoptera all have biting mouthparts, quite different to the sucking rostrum of the psylloidea. These analyses indicate that parasitic lice evolved from within the psocoptera suborder troctomorpha. Fossil amber resin commonly called bark lice or book lice or barl lice, the psocopterans sport membranous wings held rooflike over abdomen. There are many other psocids that occur outdoors, including barklice. Most male psocids perform a mating dance and after fertilisation the female lays her eggs under bark, leaves or a silk mat. These four orders compose a monophyletic group, the paraneoptera hemipteroid insects, and psocids retain the most primitive features in the group. Psocoptera barklice and booklice rhythms of insect. Bark lice or psocids are small soft bodied insects which are often seen in groups or tiny herds on the surface of tree bark where they feed on lichens, fungi, and other superficial plant materials. Bark lice and psocids hawaii department of land and. Commonly called barklice or booklice, members of the order psocoptera psocids are not true lice order phthiraptera although they are closely related to. Most bark lice and psocids are scavengers or feed on lichen found on woody vegetation.
Fast facts about psocoptera book lice, bark lice, dust lice minute less than 6 mm though a few are as large as 10 mm, softbodied, winged and wingless. Pdf repellent and insecticidal effects of the essential. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. The name psocoptera is derived from the greek psokos meaning rubbed or gnawed and ptera meaning wings. Apart from their similarities with phthiraptera, the psocoptera are most likely to be confused with the jumping plantlice in the hemipteran psylloidea, as they can be found in similar situations. Some recent molecular phylogenetic analyses embed the parasitic lice within the nonparasitic bark lice and book lice, and some authors now recognize the order psocodea, which includes the parasitic lice as well as the book and bark lice. Lastly, the family group psocetae consists of four families psocidae, psilopsoc idae, myopsocidae and. Book and bark lice the psocoptera the psocoptera are a group of small soft, stout bodied insects which include book lice liposcelis sp.
Repellent and insecticidal effects of the essential oil of. To get rid of booklice, start by throwing out any items that show signs of lice infestation, like books or boxes. Unlike bloodsucking lice, psocids pronounces sosid are phytophagous, feeding on organic matter including algae, lichen, fungi, pollen, decaying plant particles detritus, and occasionally dead animal matter. Apart from their similarities with phthiraptera, the psocoptera are most likely to be confused with the jumping plantlice. Psocodea is a taxonomic group of insects comprising the bark lice, book lice and true lice. Although the psocoptera are called lice, they are not parasites, instead they are free living insects. Pending id psocoptera pending id psocoptera references edwards, b. Entomology 462 orders of hexapoda order psocoptera psocids. Bark lice and psocids order psocoptera order includes. Despite the greatly differing appearance of lice, they are believed to have evolved from within the former order psocoptera, which contained the bark lice and book lice. Most species are freeliving and not pests, but several species of book lice are found indoors, e. Head of both adults and larvae rounded with bulging.
New species and records of peripsocus hagen psocoptera, peripsocidae from southeast australia. All psocids possess silk glands and in some species large webs are formed in which the community lives. The hemipteroid assemblage has four orders of insects. Bark lice are gregarious and live together underneath layers of silken webbing. Rons passion ron cauble, founder of the bone room, was obsessed with inclusions in amber. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by. Such a paraphyletic group could no longer retain its status as an order, a rather similar situation to that of the isoptera and dictyoptera. The aim of this research was to determine chemical composition and repellent and insecticidal activities of the essential oil of kaempferia galanga l. Chapter 26 the best control for barklice or booklice or psocids. Based on your answers to the questions, you have identified your insect as being in the order psocoptera. Barklice feed on fungi, algae, dead plant tissues and other debris. Bark lice and psocids are an important food source for native birds and other insecteaters. Psocids psocoptera booklice and barklice royal entomological.
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